"""Standalone Authenticator."""
import collections
import errno
import logging
from typing import Any
from typing import Callable
from typing import Iterable
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

from acme import challenges
from acme import standalone as acme_standalone
from certbot import achallenges
from certbot import errors
from certbot import interfaces
from certbot.display import util as display_util
from certbot.plugins import common

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    ServedType = collections.defaultdict[
        acme_standalone.BaseDualNetworkedServers,
        set[achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge]
    ]


class ServerManager:
    """Manager for HTTP-01 standalone server instances."""

    def __init__(self,
                 http_01_resources: set[acme_standalone.HTTP01RequestHandler.HTTP01Resource]
                 ) -> None:
        self._instances: dict[int, acme_standalone.HTTP01DualNetworkedServers] = {}
        self.http_01_resources = http_01_resources

    def run(self, port: int, challenge_type: type[challenges.Challenge],
            listenaddr: str = "") -> acme_standalone.HTTP01DualNetworkedServers:
        """Run ACME server on specified ``port``.

        This method is idempotent, i.e. all calls with the same pair of
        ``(port, challenge_type)`` will reuse the same server.

        :param int port: Port to run the server on.
        :param challenge_type: Subclass of `acme.challenges.Challenge`,
            currently only `acme.challenge.HTTP01`.
        :param str listenaddr: (optional) The address to listen on. Defaults to all addrs.

        :returns: DualNetworkedServers instance.
        :rtype: ACMEServerMixin

        """
        assert challenge_type == challenges.HTTP01
        if port in self._instances:
            return self._instances[port]

        address = (listenaddr, port)
        try:
            servers = acme_standalone.HTTP01DualNetworkedServers(
                address, self.http_01_resources)
        except OSError as error:
            raise errors.StandaloneBindError(error, port)

        servers.serve_forever()

        # if port == 0, then random free port on OS is taken
        # both servers, if they exist, have the same port
        real_port = servers.getsocknames()[0][1]
        self._instances[real_port] = servers
        return servers

    def stop(self, port: int) -> None:
        """Stop ACME server running on the specified ``port``.

        :param int port:

        """
        instance = self._instances[port]
        for sockname in instance.getsocknames():
            logger.debug("Stopping server at %s:%d...",
                         *sockname[:2])
        instance.shutdown_and_server_close()
        del self._instances[port]

    def running(self) -> dict[int, acme_standalone.HTTP01DualNetworkedServers]:
        """Return all running instances.

        Once the server is stopped using `stop`, it will not be
        returned.

        :returns: Mapping from ``port`` to ``servers``.
        :rtype: tuple

        """
        return self._instances.copy()


class Authenticator(common.Plugin, interfaces.Authenticator):
    """Standalone Authenticator.

    This authenticator creates its own ephemeral TCP listener on the
    necessary port in order to respond to incoming http-01
    challenges from the certificate authority. Therefore, it does not
    rely on any existing server program.
    """

    description = """Runs an HTTP server locally which serves the necessary validation files \
under the /.well-known/acme-challenge/ request path. Suitable if there is no HTTP server already \
running. HTTP challenge only (wildcards not supported)."""

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.served: ServedType = collections.defaultdict(set)

        # Stuff below is shared across threads (i.e. servers read
        # values, main thread writes). Due to the nature of CPython's
        # GIL, the operations are safe, c.f.
        # https://docs.python.org/2/faq/library.html#what-kinds-of-global-value-mutation-are-thread-safe
        self.http_01_resources: set[acme_standalone.HTTP01RequestHandler.HTTP01Resource] = set()

        self.servers = ServerManager(self.http_01_resources)

    @classmethod
    def add_parser_arguments(cls, add: Callable[..., None]) -> None:
        pass  # No additional argument for the standalone plugin parser

    def more_info(self) -> str:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        return("This authenticator creates its own ephemeral TCP listener "
               "on the necessary port in order to respond to incoming "
               "http-01 challenges from the certificate authority. Therefore, "
               "it does not rely on any existing server program.")

    def prepare(self) -> None:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        pass

    def get_chall_pref(self, domain: str) -> Iterable[type[challenges.Challenge]]:
        # pylint: disable=unused-argument,missing-function-docstring
        return [challenges.HTTP01]

    def perform(self, achalls: Iterable[achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge]
                ) -> list[challenges.ChallengeResponse]:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        return [self._try_perform_single(achall) for achall in achalls]

    def _try_perform_single(self,
                            achall: achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge) -> challenges.ChallengeResponse:
        while True:
            try:
                return self._perform_single(achall)
            except errors.StandaloneBindError as error:
                _handle_perform_error(error)

    def _perform_single(self,
                        achall: achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge) -> challenges.ChallengeResponse:
        servers, response = self._perform_http_01(achall)
        self.served[servers].add(achall)
        return response

    def _perform_http_01(self, achall: achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge
                         ) -> tuple[acme_standalone.HTTP01DualNetworkedServers,
                                    challenges.ChallengeResponse]:
        port = self.config.http01_port
        addr = self.config.http01_address
        servers = self.servers.run(port, challenges.HTTP01, listenaddr=addr)
        response, validation = achall.response_and_validation()
        resource = acme_standalone.HTTP01RequestHandler.HTTP01Resource(
            chall=achall.chall, response=response, validation=validation)
        self.http_01_resources.add(resource)
        return servers, response

    def cleanup(self, achalls: Iterable[achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge]) -> None:  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
        # reduce self.served and close servers if no challenges are served
        for unused_servers, server_achalls in self.served.items():
            for achall in achalls:
                if achall in server_achalls:
                    server_achalls.remove(achall)
        for port, servers in self.servers.running().items():
            if not self.served[servers]:
                self.servers.stop(port)

    def auth_hint(self, failed_achalls: list[achallenges.AnnotatedChallenge]) -> str:
        port, addr = self.config.http01_port, self.config.http01_address
        neat_addr = f"{addr}:{port}" if addr else f"port {port}"
        return ("The Certificate Authority failed to download the challenge files from "
                f"the temporary standalone webserver started by Certbot on {neat_addr}. "
                "Ensure that the listed domains point to this machine and that it can "
                "accept inbound connections from the internet.")


def _handle_perform_error(error: errors.StandaloneBindError) -> None:
    if error.socket_error.errno == errno.EACCES:
        raise errors.PluginError(
            "Could not bind TCP port {0} because you don't have "
            "the appropriate permissions (for example, you "
            "aren't running this program as "
            "root).".format(error.port))
    if error.socket_error.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
        msg = (
            "Could not bind TCP port {0} because it is already in "
            "use by another process on this system (such as a web "
            "server). Please stop the program in question and "
            "then try again.".format(error.port))
        should_retry = display_util.yesno(msg, "Retry", "Cancel", default=False)
        if not should_retry:
            raise errors.PluginError(msg)
    else:
        raise error
